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Gallego M, Virshup DM (2007) Post-translational modifications regulate the ticking of the circadian clock. Lee C, Etchegaray J-P, Cagampang FR, Loudon AS, Reppert SM (2001) Posttranslational mechanisms regulate the mammalian circadian clock. Sulli G, Manoogian EN, Taub PR, Panda S (2018) Training the circadian clock, clocking the drugs, and drugging the clock to prevent, manage, and treat chronic diseases. Furthermore, this common principle of biological oscillators can be used to design synthetic oscillators.ĭibner C, Schibler U, Albrecht U (2010) The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks. By studying this, we can learn how these elements function together to generate sustained rhythms, which are also commonly observed in other biological oscillators such as the cell cycle and segmentation clock. It turns out that strong non-linearity and a time delay need to be incorporated into the negative feedback loop to generate sustained circadian rhythms. However, the majority of biological systems with negative feedback loops reach steady homeostasis rather than generating sustained oscillations. The key oscillatory mechanism of the circadian clock is a transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop. The disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of getting various chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, mood disorders and sleep disorders. The circadian (~24 h) clock is a self-sustained endogenous oscillator, which times diverse behavioral and physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, blood pressure and hormone secretion.
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